Chapter Three

Krystall Fasel

English 102

Chapter Three

The Bedford Researcher

Developing Research Question

& Proposal

Developing Research Question:

The research question directs efforts to collect, critically read, evaluate and take note of sources. It is should be used as a flexible guide as you can change your question as you learn more about topic.

Reflect on Issue:

Gain understanding on topic information.

Focus on Role:

·         Inform

·         Share knowledge

·         Reflect

·         Evaluate

·         Analyze Solve Problems

·         Convince

Questions to ask (page 48)

·         Information:      What is known/not known?

·         History:                How is the past relevant to topic?

·         Assumptions:    Conclusions others have made?

·         Goals:                   What do readers and writers want to see happen on issue?

·         Outcomes:          What has happened so far?

·         Policies:                Procedure of actions?

Choose Research Question:

Be able to respond to your research question in practical and useful way. The question should not be too broad or narrow. The question needs to be balanced.

Refine Search:

Use qualifying words by referring to existing conditions, use conditional and specific words and phrases. Focus on manageable aspect of issue.

Create Research Proposal:

The proposal needs to be a formal presentation of your plan for research. Identify planning of what you have already done and researched. Direct the areas that need more research and then asses the progress that has been made. The proposal should include:

·         Title page

·         Introduction to readers that identifies topic and research question and position. Describe purpose and identifies genre.

·         Review of literature as an overview of information, ideas and arguments. Explaining the most useful sources as a group of people that prove your position.

·         Explanation of how you will collect information. The plan should identify they Type of; sources, search tools, strategies and schedule.

·         Project timeline should explain the range of days, weeks and months of copleting research and writing document.

·         The working bibliography should list all of the sources in use of your project. An annotated bibliography is helpful by containing a brief description of each source.

Clarify and Elaborate Core Proposal:

The abstract or executive summary will allow the reader to gain a general understanding on project and plans of completion. The overview of challenges will detail potential problems or difficulties that may be encountered in the research process.

Chapter 19 and 20

Chapter 19 and 20 from

The Bedford Researcher

Chapter 19

Chapter 19 focuses on understanding the different documentation systems to use in research papers. It is used to cite sources clearly and consistently. You must choose the proper documentation system for your style of writing. Within your document sources you should provide a reference within text and a complete set of citations.

Styles/Documentation Systems	System Uses and Differences
	Used In:	For Documents:	Requirements:
MLA	Humanities	English, philosophy	Works cited
APA	Social Sciences	Psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science	Reference list
Chicago	History and Journalism		Sources in footnotes/endnotes and bibliography
CSE	Physical, Life Sciences	Chemistry, geology, biology	Number citations and list sources in order

Chapter 20

Using the MLA Style

Chapter 20 goes into great detail of every way to use a source in a document. There are many different rules for using sources. All sources used should be cited and acknowledged to avoid plagiarism.

Using Sources with Direct Quotation or in a Summary or Paraphrase:

·         Emphasize the author of source and page numbers.

·         Acknowledge source with parentheses.

·         In text citations use last name and page number, if the source is used in context only put the page number into the parentheses at the end of quotation or summary.

·         Works cited placed at bottom of the document. If there is not citation of the paper and you want to acknowledge a source that you read you can add “Works Consulted”.

·         Sources should be alphabetized by author first or title second. 

Chapter Eight

Chapter Eight

The Bedford Researcher

Plagiarism Intentional and Unintentional

Plagiarism is the act of using someone else’s hard earned work and time for your own benefit, without citing or acknowledging them as a source. Taking care to cite any copyright or publication information is very important when avoiding plagiarism. It is important to take notes properly so that each note can transfer to your document using parentheses to properly paraphrase or quote your sources. Having a works cited list constantly in use can be useful for keeping notes and sources organized. Common knowledge is information that is used at least by three sources without citing sources. They are facts that cannot be easily disputed. If you are ever concerned about the information you are using you can always talk with a professor or supervisor.

Three Rules of Research Ethics

Research Ethics are an, “Honest exchange of information idea and arguments…”

The Rules:

1.       Acknowledge sources

2.       Accurately represent the information

3.       Provide proper citation.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Avoiding plagiarism is really a matter of taking care of your documentation process. Making sure to take notes properly as to not add doubt to your credibility on your document. Plagiarism in your work can lead to failing a course or other disciplinary action. Keeping a knowledge inventory by taking specific notes on your ideas vs. sources, citing source in text and works cited and using quoting marks.

Working Bibliography

Working Bibliography

Delwaide, Anne-Cécile, et al. "Revisiting Gmos: Are There Differences In European Consumers’ Acceptance And Valuation For Cisgenically Vs Transgenically Bred Rice?." Plos ONE 10.5 (2015): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.

Dubock, Adrian. "The Politics Of Golden Rice." GM Crops & Food 5.3 (2014): 210-222. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Herrick, Clare B. "‘Cultures Of GM’: Discourses Of Risk And Labelling Of Gmos In The UK And EU." Area 37.3 (2005): 286-294. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.

Lieberman, Sarah, and Tim Gray. "Gmos And The Developing World: A Precautionary Interpretation Of Biotechnology." British Journal Of Politics & International Relations 10.3 (2008): 395-411. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

  Paarlberg, Robert. "A Dubious Success: The NGO Campaign Against Gmos." GM Crops & Food 5.3 (2014): 223-228.Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

    "The Farmer's Friend. (Cover Story)." New Internationalist 481 (2015): 23-27. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

 "The People Vs Monsanto (And Other GM Giants). (Cover Story)." New Internationalist 481 (2015): 24-25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

“Honey Bee Health.” Monsanto. Monsanto, 2015. Web. 13 October 2015.

Kwa, Aileen. “Agriculture in Developing Countries: Which way forward?” focusweb.org. Focus on the Global South, June 2001. Web. 13 October 2015.

Walia, Arjun. “10 Scientific Studies Proving GMO’s Can Be Harmful To Himan Health.” Collective-Evolution. CE, 8 April 2014. Web. 13 October 2015.

Ackerman, Jennifer. “Food: How Altered?” National Geographic. Environment: National Geographic, 2015. Web. 10 October 2015.

Collaborative Writing

English 102

10/15/15

Collaborative Writing

Group Source Evaluation

Different Sources

·         Academic Journals: Harder to read, with more details. Great sources to rely on. Thorough research. Reliable information. In depth.  Must be peer reviewed by at least five people. Mostly written by people that already have degrees.

·         Newspapers: Media, not always reliable. Up to date information. Always cites an author. Usually visuals.

·         Printed: Books and magazines. Can sometimes be very opinionated. Unusually cites other sources to work with. Can be outdated.

·         Peer Reviewed: Collaborative information.  People working towards degree, graduate students.

·         Periodicals: Online sources. A source within a source. Bias information. Educated journalist. Examples of New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Economist, New York Post.

·         Government Sources:  Harder to argue with source. Opinion respected in the academic community. Sometimes do not have authors. Backed by research. You have to find out which agency is backing the issue.

·         Scholarly Article: Academic journal, pre thesis statement. Intern research.

Incorporating Sources Effectively

Haroon Ashraf, writing in the Lancet in 2001, wrote in the Science and Medicine Journal, “Although the committee does not support the association of MMR and autism, it does make clear that causality studies do have ‘inherent methodological limitations’” (1341). The study obviously needs more research to prove it’s point being that all the ideas of MMR and autism run parallel they never actually intersect.

United States. CDC. "Understanding How Vaccines Work." 2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.

Justin Housman tells the story in Surfer Magazine 2014, of How Jay Moriarity “…survived [and that] two decades later his wipeout is still one of the heaviest falls anybody has ever taken. Jay’s Mavericks adventure came at the dawn of the tow-surfing age and the worldwide search for super-big surf [Many other surfers also had also survived wipeouts]. …By the mid-2000s, the paddle-in brigade were throwing themselves over the ledge at Jaws, and in 2012, the jet skis sat idle while paddling hellmen attacked huge, freaky-perfect surf at Cloudbreak during a lay day at the Fiji Pro.”

Housman, Justin. "The Legacy of Jay." Surfer Magazine. The Enthusiast Network, 19 Dec 2014. Web. 15 Oct 2015. 

MLA: Works Cited

Questions to Answer:

3.       The title of an article will be in Quotations instead of Italicized based on the MLA style of a works cited paper. There is also no Author available.

4.       The first in Italics is the Website title and the second is the sponsor name.

5.       Last three items include the sponsor name and Websites require a publication date, AND date accessed.

6.       List of sources:

·         Delwaide, Anne-Cécile, et al. "Revisiting Gmos: Are There Differences In European Consumers’ Acceptance And Valuation For Cisgenically Vs Transgenically Bred Rice?." Plos ONE 10.5 (2015): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.

·         Dubock, Adrian. "The Politics Of Golden Rice." GM Crops & Food 5.3 (2014): 210-222. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

·         Herrick, Clare B. "‘Cultures Of GM’: Discourses Of Risk And Labelling Of Gmos In The UK And EU." Area 37.3 (2005): 286-294. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.

·           Paarlberg, Robert. "A Dubious Success: The NGO Campaign Against Gmos." GM Crops & Food 5.3 (2014): 223-228.Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

·         “Honey Bee Health.” Monsanto. Monsanto, 2015. Web. 13 October 2015.

·         Kwa, Aileen. “Agriculture in Developing Countries: Which way forward?” focusweb.org. Focus on the Global South, June 2001. Web. 13 October 2015.

·         Walia, Arjun. “10 Scientific Studies Proving GMO’s Can Be Harmful To Himan Health.” Collective-Evolution. CE, 8 April 2014. Web. 13 October 2015.

·         Ackerman, Jennifer. “Food: How Altered?” National Geographic. Environment: National Geographic, 2015. Web. 10 October 2015.

Chapter Seven

Chapter 7

Lesson for Chapter in

The Bedford Researcher

                Chapter seven explains the importance of saving and organizing your information, findings and sources. For printed information such as hand written notes, web or database print outs, photo copies of articles or book passages and drafts of research question/position paper, these should be organized in file folders with lightly detailed notes on each paper. All information should be organized by topic, date, pros vs cons, material type or author. It is easiest to resort back to these notes if you consistently use the same form of organizing. Each note should include publication information such as author, title, publisher, place and date of publication, web source and URL. Record the date of findings on each note to further help with remembering when and where you found it. Saving digital information is also important. Keeping all information organized in its own file while saved in one main file. Using a Working bibliography throughout the course of your project will also help in the end with a ‘Works Cited’ page or reference list.